Nka kimwe mu binyobwa bitatu byingenzi ku isi bidafite inzoga, icyayi gikundwa cyane n’abantu kubera imiterere karemano, intungamubiri, n’ubuzima biteza imbere. Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga neza imiterere, ibara, impumuro nziza, nuburyohe bwicyayi, no kugera kububiko bwigihe kirekire no gutwara abantu, gupakira icyayi nabyo byahinduwe byinshi kandi bishya. Kuva yatangira, icyayi gipfunyitse cyamamaye mu bihugu by’Uburayi n’Amerika kubera ibyiza byinshi nko korohereza isuku.
Icyayi gipfunyitse ni ubwoko bwicyayi gipakirwa mumifuka yoroheje ya filteri hanyuma ugashyirwa hamwe numufuka wimpapuro imbere yicyayi. Intego nyamukuru yo gupakira hamwe nudukapu twimpapuro zo kuyungurura ni ukuzamura igipimo cyo kumeneka ndetse no gukoresha neza ifu yicyayi muruganda rwicyayi. Bitewe nibyiza byayo nko guteka byihuse, isuku, ibipimo bisanzwe, kuvanga byoroshye, kuvanaho ibisigazwa byoroshye, hamwe no gutwara ibintu, icyayi cyuzuye imifuka gikundwa cyane kumasoko mpuzamahanga kugirango gikemure ubuzima bwihuse bwabantu biki gihe. Icyayi kibisi, ibikoresho byo gupakira, hamwe nimashini zipakira igikapu cyicyayi nibintu bitatu byumusaruro wicyayi, kandi ibikoresho byo gupakira nibintu byingenzi kugirango umusaruro wicyayi ube.
Ubwoko nibisabwa mubikoresho byo gupakira imifuka yicyayi
Ibikoresho byo gupakira imifuka yicyayi birimo ibikoresho byo gupakira imbere nkaimpapuro zungurura icyayi, ibikoresho byo gupakira hanze nkimifuka yo hanze, agasanduku gapakira, hamwe nimpapuro za plastike zibonerana hamwe nikirahure, muribyo impapuro zungurura icyayi nibikoresho byingenzi byingenzi. Mubyongeyeho, mugihe cyose cyo gupakira imifuka yicyayi, igikapu cyicyayiipambano guterura urudodo, urupapuro rwikirango, guterura urudodo, hamwe na acetate polyester yometse kubirango nabyo birasabwa. Icyayi kirimo ibice nka acide acorbike, aside tannic, ibibyimba bya polifenolike, catechine, amavuta, na karotenoide. Ibi bikoresho birashobora kwangirika cyane bitewe nubushuhe, ogisijeni, ubushyuhe, urumuri, numunuko wibidukikije. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho byo gupakira bikoreshwa mumifuka yicyayi bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa kugirango birwanye nubushuhe, kurwanya ogisijeni, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, gukingira urumuri, no guhagarika gaze kugirango bigabanye cyangwa birinde ingaruka ziterwa nibi bintu byavuzwe haruguru.
1. Ibikoresho byo gupakira imbere mumifuka yicyayi - impapuro zungurura icyayi
Impapuro z'icyayi zungurura icyayi, zizwi kandi nk'impapuro zipakira igikapu cy'icyayi, ni impapuro ntoya yoroheje ifite impapuro imwe, isukuye, irekuye kandi yuzuye, gukomera gake, kwinjiza cyane, n'imbaraga nyinshi. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora no gupakira "imifuka yicyayi" mumashini ipakira icyayi. Yiswe intego yayo, kandi imikorere yayo nubuziranenge bigira uruhare runini mubwiza bwimifuka yicyayi irangiye.
1.2 Ibisabwa byibanze kumpapuro zungurura icyayi
Nkibikoresho byo gupakira imifuka yicyayi, impapuro zungurura icyayi ntizigomba gusa kwemeza ko ibintu byiza byicyayi bishobora gukwirakwira vuba mu isupu yicyayi mugihe cyo guteka, ariko kandi bikarinda ifu yicyayi mumufuka kwinjira mumasupu yicyayi. Ibisabwa byihariye kubiranga ni ibi bikurikira.
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(2) Irashobora kwihanganira kwibizwa mumazi abira utamennye;
(3) Icyayi gipfunyitse gifite ibiranga kuba byoroshye, bitose, kandi byoroshye. Nyuma yo guteka, irashobora guhanagurwa vuba kandi ibishishwa byicyayi birashobora gusohoka vuba;
(4) Fibre igomba kuba nziza, imwe kandi ihamye.
Ubunini bwimpapuro zungurura ni 0.003-0.009in (lin = 0.0254m)
Ingano ya pore yimpapuro zungurura zigomba kuba hagati ya 20-200 μ m, nubucucike nubwinshi bwimpapuro zungurura bigomba kuringanizwa.
(5) Impumuro nziza, impumuro nziza, idafite uburozi, hubahirijwe ibisabwa by'isuku;
(6) Umucyo woroshye, hamwe n'impapuro zera.
1.3 Ubwoko bw'icyayi Akayunguruzo
Ibikoresho byo gupakira imifuka yicyayi kwisi muri iki gihe bigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri:ubushyuhe bufunze icyayi cyungurura impapuron'impapuro zidafite ubushyuhe zifunze icyayi, ukurikije niba zikeneye gushyuha no guhambirwa mugihe cyo gufunga imifuka. Ikoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe ni ubushyuhe bufunze icyayi cyungurura impapuro.
Gushyushya icyayi gifunguye icyayi ni ubwoko bwicyayi cyungurura icyayi kibereye gupakira mumashanyarazi yicyayi gifunze imashini zipakira. Irasabwa kuba igizwe na 30% -50% fibre ndende na 25% -60% yubushyuhe bufunze. Imikorere ya fibre ndende nugutanga imbaraga zihagije zo gushungura impapuro. Ubushyuhe bufunze buvanze nizindi fibre mugihe cyo gukora impapuro ziyungurura, bigatuma ibice bibiri byimpapuro zungurura bihuza hamwe iyo bishyushye kandi bigashyirwaho igitutu nimashini ipakira ibyuma bifunga ubushyuhe, bityo bigakora igikapu gifunze ubushyuhe. Ubu bwoko bwa fibre ifite ubushyuhe bwo gufunga ubushyuhe burashobora gukorwa muri copolymers ya polyvinyl acetate na polyvinyl chloride, cyangwa muri polypropilene, polyethylene, silike yubukorikori, hamwe nuruvange rwabo. Bamwe mubakora uruganda nabo bakora ubu bwoko bwimpapuro zungurura muburyo bubiri, hamwe nigice kimwe kigizwe rwose nubushyuhe bufunze fibre ivanze nibindi byiciro bigizwe na fibre idafite ubushyuhe. Ibyiza byubu buryo nuko bushobora kubuza ubushyuhe bwa fibre ifunze ubushyuhe bwo gufunga imashini zifunga imashini nyuma yo gushonga nubushyuhe. Ubunini bwimpapuro bugenwa ukurikije igipimo cya 17g / m2.
Impapuro zidafite ubushyuhe zifunguye ni impapuro zungurura icyayi zikwiranye no gupakira mumashanyarazi adafite ubushyuhe. Impapuro zidafite ubushyuhe zifunze icyayi gisabwa kugira fibre ndende 30% -50%, nka hemp ya Manila, kugirango itange imbaraga zihagije, mugihe izindi zisigaye zigizwe na fibre ngufi ihendutse hamwe na resin hafi 5%. Imikorere ya resin ni ukunoza ubushobozi bwimpapuro zungurura kwihanganira kunywa amazi abira. Ubunini bwacyo muri rusange bugenwa hashingiwe ku buremere busanzwe bwa garama 12 kuri metero kare. Abashakashatsi bo mu ishami ry’ubumenyi bw’amashyamba muri kaminuza y’ubuhinzi ya Shizuoka mu Buyapani bakoresheje igishinwa cyakozwe na fibre bast fibre yometse mu mazi nkibikoresho fatizo, baniga ku miterere y’imisemburo ya bast fibre yakozwe nuburyo butatu bwo guteka: alkaline alkali (AQ) pulping, sulfate, hamwe na alkaline yo mu kirere. Biteganijwe ko umwuka wa alkaline wo mu kirere wa fibre bast fibre ushobora gusimbuza Manila hemp pulp mugukora impapuro zungurura icyayi.
Mubyongeyeho, hari ubwoko bubiri bwicyayi cyo kuyungurura icyayi: guhumeka no kudahumeka. Mu bihe byashize, tekinoroji ya chloride yakoreshwaga, ariko kuri ubu, umwuka wa ogisijeni cyangwa guhumeka byifashishwa mu gukora impapuro zungurura icyayi.
Mubushinwa, fibre bark fibre ikorwa kenshi na reta yubusa hanyuma igatunganyirizwa hamwe na resin. Mu myaka yashize, abashakashatsi b'Abashinwa bakoze ubushakashatsi ku buryo butandukanye bushingiye ku gukata, kubyimba, ndetse n'ingaruka nziza za fibre mu gihe cyo guterura, basanga uburyo bwiza bwo guterura mu gukora igikapu cy'icyayi ari “uburebure bwa fibre ndende”. Ubu buryo bwo gukubita bushingiye cyane cyane kunanuka, gukata neza, no kugerageza kugumana uburebure bwa fibre udakeneye fibre nziza cyane. Ibiranga impapuro nibyiza cyane no guhumeka neza. Bitewe na fibre ndende, uburinganire bwimpapuro burakennye, hejuru yimpapuro ntabwo yoroshye cyane, opacite ni ndende, ifite imbaraga zo kurira no kuramba, ingano yimpapuro ni nziza, kandi deformasiyo ni nto.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-29-2024